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The Measures Provided in Water Supply Systems in the Dry Seasons
Machač, Tomáš ; Netušil, Lukáš (referee) ; Kučera, Tomáš (advisor)
The main objective of this work is to summarize the issue of water supply during drought. In a long dry periods may occur water shortage in water resources and difficulties in providing drinking water supplies due to this situation. The first part describes the drought in terms of meteorology and there is also described the occurrence of exceptionally dry seasons in Europe and the Czech Republic. The second part is devoted to water resources and their role in water supply systems. The following section describes the current status of legislation in the Czech Republic and water companies stances on the issue of drought and the creation of appropriate measures. The last comprehensive section is devoted to design concept of concrete measures that could be implemented in the future and can reduce the impact of drought on water supply systems and whole society.
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Effect of artificially induced drought on growth and productivity of selected crops within field experiment in Bohemian-Moravian highlands
Wimmerová, Markéta ; Hlavinka, Petr ; Trnka, Miroslav ; Žalud, Zdeněk ; Pohanková, Eva
The field experiments based on manipulating the crop environment are critical for determining the crop’s response to the climatic conditions expected in the future. An experimental site in Domanínek is located by 49°31'42 N, 16°14'13 E at an altitude of 560 m (potato production area). The field experiment using rain-out shelters for soil water availability reduction was conducted in 2015/2016. The main aim of this study was to assess the impacts of different water availability (rain-out shelters vs. control) on the performance of selected field crops (spring barley, winter wheat, winter rape and silage maize). Reduction of precipitation in treatment with rain-out shelters was confirmed by measuring soil water content. The amount of precipitation during growing period was reduced by 251 mm, 277 mm, 217 mm and 240 mm for the spring barley, winter wheat, winter rape and silage maize, respectively. As a consequence, leaf area index and yields declined, however the crop responses were not consistent.
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Effect of drought stress on selected winter wheat yield formation components within pot and field experiimental design
Hlaváčová, Marcela ; Pohanková, Eva ; Klem, Karel ; Hlavinka, Petr ; Trnka, Miroslav
The object of this study was to find out what is the behaviour of the same winter wheat variety (Bohemia) plants cultivated within pot and field experiment. Therefore, the main aim of this study was to verify (based on the pot experiment results) whether the pot experiment (that is limited by the soil area) does not substantially affect plant reactions. The pot experiment was carried out in growth chambers where daily temperature course, relative humidity (RH) and photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) were set via protocols. The pots were exposed to the drought stress for 14 days with the daily maximum temperature 26 °C from noon to 2 p.m. The pots were split into 2 groups: (1) Dry where the soil moisture within pots were maintained below 30% of the maximum water holding capacity, (2) Wet where the soil moisture did not decrease below 70% of the maximum water holding capacity. The plants within Wet variant were considered as a control group. The pots were placed onto the concrete floor of a vegetation hall (where the plants were exposed to the weather conditions) prior and after stress regime exposition. The field experiment was conducted within experimental station in Bystřice nad Pernštejnem belonging to the Bohemian-Moravian Highlands in the Czech Republic. The drought stress was established through the transparent roofs installed above plants’ tops level in the field. The control experimental plot without roofs was nearby there as well. The plants were harvested when the full maturity was reached and the selected yield formation components were evaluated.
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The Measures Provided in Water Supply Systems in the Dry Seasons
Machač, Tomáš ; Netušil, Lukáš (referee) ; Kučera, Tomáš (advisor)
The main objective of this work is to summarize the issue of water supply during drought. In a long dry periods may occur water shortage in water resources and difficulties in providing drinking water supplies due to this situation. The first part describes the drought in terms of meteorology and there is also described the occurrence of exceptionally dry seasons in Europe and the Czech Republic. The second part is devoted to water resources and their role in water supply systems. The following section describes the current status of legislation in the Czech Republic and water companies stances on the issue of drought and the creation of appropriate measures. The last comprehensive section is devoted to design concept of concrete measures that could be implemented in the future and can reduce the impact of drought on water supply systems and whole society.
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